The Main Provisions of the Theory of Exchange Between the Leader And A Member of the Group: Analytical Review

PII

S3034588X26010056-1

DOI

10.7868/S3034588X26010056

Publication Type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Andrey Sidorenkov

Occupation: Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Management Psychology and Legal Psychology
Affiliation: Southern Federal University

Volume/ Edition

Volume 47 / Issue number 1

Pages

45-56

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the key aspects of the theory of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) widely used in the literature: types of exchange, quality and differentiation of LMX, antecedents of LMX, and effects of ELM at the individual and group levels. Two scales widely used in empirical research are also briefly considered. The analysis of some problematic issues, ambiguous ideas and contradictory points of view on these research aspects and methodological tools is carried out. The analysis touches upon some problematic issues, such as: the ratio of economic and social exchange in the LMX including in the context of their effects; the quality of the LMX the causal relationship of the LMX and the role (extra-role) behavior of members; factors influencing the differentiation of the LMX the ratio of transformational leadership and the quality of the relationship of the leader with the members the validity of scales for measuring LMX and others. Suggestions and suggestions have been made on these issues. The analytical review presented in the article sets some guidelines for solving scientific and practical problems in the context of the theory of ORF and the further development of this theory.

Keywords

производственная группа обмен «руководитель–член» обзор критический анализ

Date of publication

06.06.2026

Date of Year of publication

2026

Number of purchasers

Views

References

Reference

1. Лоан Л.Т.М., Фам М.Ш., Ха Т.М.Ч., Буй М.Д. Межличностные отношения с коллегами и с руководителем и их связь с организационной приверженностью // Организационная психология. 2019. Т. 9. № 2. С. 32–51.
2. Парыгин Б.Д. Руководство и лидерство // Руководство и лидерство: Опыт социально-психологического исследования / Под ред. Б.Д. Парыгина. л.: ленингр. гос. пед. ин-т им. А.И. Герцена, 1973. С. 5–12.
3. Петровский А.В. Теория деятельностного опосредствования межличностных отношений и традиционная психология малых групп // Психологическая теория коллектива / Под ред. А.В. Петровского. М.: Педагогика, 1979. С. 197–218.
4. Сидоренков А.В., Сидоренкова И.И., Ульянова Н.Ю. Социально-психологические характеристики и эффективность малых групп в организации: монография. Ростов н/Д: Мини Тайп, 2014.
5. Сидоренков А.В., Шипитько О.Ю. Внутригрупповые противоречия, конфликты и эффективность групп в организации: монография. Ростов н/Д: Мини Тайп, 2017.
6. Avolio B.J., Bass B.M., Jung D.I. Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire // Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1999. Vol. 72. No. 4. P. 441–462.
7. Ayoko O.B., Tan P.P., Li Y. Leader–follower interpersonal behaviors, emotional regulation and LMX quality // Journal of Management & Organization. 2023. Vol. 29. No. 3. P. 553–570.
8. Bass B.M., Riggio R.E. Transformational leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006.
9. Blau P.M. Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley, 1964.
10. Boies K., Howell J.M. Leader–member exchange in teams: An examination of the interaction between relationship differentiation and mean LMX in explaining team-level outcomes // Leadership Quarterly. 2006. Vol. 17. No. 3. Р. 246–257.
11. Chen G., Kanfer R. Toward a systems theory of multilevel behavior in work teams // Research in Organizational Behavior. 2006. Vol. 27. Р. 223–267.
12. Chen G., Kirkman B.L., Kanfer R., Allen D., Rosen B. A multilevel study of leadership, empowerment, and performance in teams // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2007. Vol. 92. No. 2. Р. 331–346.
13. Dienesch R.M., Liden R.C. Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development // Academy of Management Review. 1986. Vol. 11. No. 3. Р. 618–634.
14. Dulebohn J.H., Bommer W.H., Liden R.C., Brouer R.L., Ferris G.R. A meta‐analysis of antecedents and consequences of leader-member exchange // Journal of Management. 2012. Vol. 38. No. 6. Р. 1715–1759.
15. Erdogan B., Liden R.C. Social exchange in the workplace: A review of recent developments and future research directions in leader–member exchange theory // Leadership / Eds.: L.L. Neider, C.A. Schriesheim. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, 2002. Р. 65–114.
16. Graen G.B., Uhl-Bien M. Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) Theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective // Leadership Quarterly. 1995. Vol. 6. No. 2. Р. 219–247.
17. Henderson D.J., Liden R.C., Glibkowski B.C., Chaudhry A. LMX differentiation: A multilevel review and examination of its antecedents and outcomes // Leadership Quarterly. 2009. Vol. 20. No. 4. Р. 517–534.
18. Homans G.C. Social behavior: Its elementary forms. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, World, 1961.
19. Ionescu A.-F., Iliescu D. LMX, organizational justice and performance: curvilinear relationships // Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2021. Vol. 36. No. 2. Р. 197–211.
20. Joseph D.L., Newman D.A., Sin H.P. Leader-member Exchange (LMX) measurement: Evidence for consensus, construct breadth and discriminant validity // Building methodological bridges: Research methodology in strategy and management. Vol. 6 / Eds.: D.D. Bergh, D.J. Ketchen. Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2011. Р. 89–135.
21. Khattak S.I., Khan M.A., Ali M.I., Khan H.G.A., Saeed I. Relationship between servant leadership, leader-member-exchange, organization learning and innovative work behavior: Evidence from high-tech firms // SAGE Open. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 4. Р. 1–13.
22. Le Blanc P.M., González‐Romá V. A team level investigation of the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation, and commitment and performance // Leadership Quarterly. 2012. Vol. 23. No. 3. Р. 534–544.
23. Liden R.C., Erdogan B., Wayne S.J., Sparrowe R.T. Leader–member exchange, differentiation, and task interdependence: Implications for individual and group performance // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2006. Vol. 27. No. 6. Р. 723–746.
24. Liden R.C., Maslyn J.M. Multidimensionality of leader–member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development // Journal of Management. 1998. Vol. 24. No. 1. Р. 43–72.
25. Liden R.C., Sparrowe R.T., Wayne S.J. Leader–member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future // Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. 1997. Vol. 15. Р. 47–120.
26. Liden R.C., Wayne S.J., Sparrowe R.T. An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, interpersonal relationships, and work outcomes // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2000. Vol. 85. No. 3. Р. 407–416.
27. Ma L., Qu Q. Differentiation in leader-member exchange: A hierarchical linear modeling approach // Leadership Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 21. No. 5. Р. 733–744.
28. Manata B., Grubb S. Conceptualizing leader–member exchange as a second-order construct // Frontiers in Psychology. 2022. Vol. 13: 953860.
29. Martin R., Guillaume I., Thomas G., Lee A.J.R., Epitropaki O. Leader‐member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta‐analytic review // Personnel Psychology. 2015. Vol. 69. No. 1. Р. 67–121.
30. Martin R., Thomas G., Charles K., Epitropaki O., McNamara R. The role of leader-member exchanges in mediating the relationship between locus of control and work reactions // Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2005. Vol. 78. No. 1. Р. 141–147.
31. Martin R., Thomas G., Legood A., Russo S.D. Leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation and work outcomes: Conceptual clarification and critical review // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2018. Vol. 39. No. 2. Р. 151–168.
32. Maslyn J.M., Uhl-Bien M. Leader-member exchange and its dimensions: Effects of self-effort and other’s effort on relationship quality // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2001. Vol. 86. No. 4. Р. 697–708.
33. Michael D. Supportive supervisor communication as an intervening influence in the relationship between LMX and employee job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance // Journal of Behavioural Studies in Business. 2011. Vol. 4. Р. 1–28.
34. Nohe C., Hertel G. Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analytic test of underlying mechanisms // Frontiers in Psychology. 2017. Vol. 8: 1364.
35. Scandura T.A., Schriesheim C.A. Leader–member exchange and supervisor career mentoring as complementary constructs in leadership research // Academy of Management Journal. 1994. Vol. 37. No. 6. Р. 1588–1602.
36. Settoon R.P., Bennett N., Liden R.C. Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, and employee reciprocity // Journal of Applied Psychology. 1996. Vol. 81. No. 3. Р. 219–227.
37. Tyler T.R. Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation // Annual Review of Psychology. 2006. Vol. 57. No. 1. Р. 375–400.
38. Uhl-Bien M., Maslyn J.M. Reciprocity in manager-subordinate relationships: Components, configurations, and outcomes // Journal of Management. 2003. Vol. 29. No. 4. Р. 511–532.
39. van Assen M.F., Caniëls M. Economic and social LMX and innovative work behaviour: The moderating effect of paradox mindset // European Journal of Innovation Management. 2022. Vol. 25. No. 6. Р. 1057–1075.
40. Wayne S.J., Shore L.M., Bommer W.H., Tetrick L.E. The role of fair treatment and rewards in perceptions of organizational support and leader-member exchange // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2002. Vol. 87. No. 3. Р. 590–598.
41. Wayne S.J., Shore L.M., Liden R.C. Perceived organizational support and leader–member exchange: A social exchange perspective // Academy of Management Journal. 1997. Vol. 40. No. 1. Р. 82–111.
42. Xu H., Wayne S.J., Wang L.C., Pan J. LMX differentiation as a double-edged sword: A social hierarchy perspective for understanding the beneficial and detrimental effects of LMX differentiation on team performance // Personnel Psychology. 2024. Vol. 77. No. 2. Р. 713–745.
43. Xue H., Luo Y., Luan Y., Wang N. A meta-analysis of leadership and intrinsic motivation: Examining relative importance and moderators // Frontiers in Psychology. 2022. Vol. 13. 941161.
44. Young H.R., Glerum D.R., Joseph D.L., McCord M.A. A meta-analysis of transactional leadership and follower performance: Double-edged effects of LMX and empowerment // Journal of Management. 2021. Vol. 47. No. 5. Р. 1255–1280.
45. Yukl G. Leadership in organizations (2nd ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
46. Zhang X., Lin Z., Chen X., Zhang Z., Liu D.M. Leader–follower congruence in psychological capital: Effects on LMX and turnover intention // Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 2023. Vol. 44. No. 4. Р. 489–502.